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The tomato yellow leaf curl virus infecting tomato plants in Tanzania is reported to be different from the Old World geminiviruses. A study was initiated to investigate the transmission properties of the virus such as, acquisition feeding time, inoculation feeding time, persistence of virus in the vector, mechanical inoculation, seed and graft transmission. Results obtained indicate that the virus...
An evaluation of the effect of four host plants on biological parameters of Maconellicoccus hirsutus and efficacy of Anagyrus kamali was conducted in the laboratory. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Hibiscus sabdariffa produced M. hirsutus with life cycles which were 1-2 days shorter than those of M. hirsutus reared on Solanum tuberosum, and Cucurbita pepo L. Egg to adult M. hirsutus survival was lowest...
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean is a destructive disease of soybean in Iran. During 1998-2005, 142 isolates from soil and diseased soybean plants were collected and tested. Race identification was made possible by inoculating Rps differential soybean cultivars and lines. Of the 142 isolates tested, 110 isolates belonged to race 1 and 32 isolates belonged to race 3. Race 1 was dominant in...
Observations were carried out in apple orchards and nurseries of the Plovdiv region (Central-South Bulgaria), aimed at determining specific composition, population density and economic importance of particular species of aphids, in the years 2004-2006. By surveys, carried out at 15-day intervals, the appearing species were identified and the degree of damage determined. Six species of aphids were...
The aim of the study carried out during 2002-2004 was to assess the effects and economic effectiveness of application of fungicides and insecticides in winter triticale crops. Its leaves were attacked by pathogenic fungi in 43.2% to 52.2% and the damage to leaf blade surfaces by cereal leaf beetle (Oulema spp.) ranged from 23.6% to 34.4%. The effectiveness of applied fungicides ranged from 44.7% to...
In the four-year experiment the impact of four different winter barley varieties and selected two- and three-component mixtures were tested. Reduced dosages of fungicides on disease reduction in the mixtures compared with pure stands were evaluated. The studies were carried out at two sites: Experimental Station for Variety Testing Słupia Wlk. (Wielkopolska region) and Plant Breeding Station Bąków...
Observations on the incidence, harmfulness and some elements of Cameraria ohridella control on white horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) were carried out in Wroclaw, Poland, in 2001-2003. Three generations of the pest developed on A. hippocastanum. The leaf infestation by pest's larvae increased systematically throughout the spring-summer season. Cultural control by removing the fallen leaves...
The efficacy of solar heat in the control of bacterial soft rot of potato tubers was investigated in Maiduguri, semi-arid region of Northeastern Nigeria. Artificially contaminated tubers were exposed to solar heat for duration of 0, 30, 60,120 and 180 minutes. The results showed that exposures for 120 and 180 minutes gave the highest control of the disease, although during the hot dry season (mean...
In order to assess the economic benefits of reduced fungicide application for the control of paprika diseases under dryland conditions, on-farm experiments were conducted in the Chinyika Resettlement Area in the Eastern province of Zimbabwe in the 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 seasons. The six fungicide application regimes that were assessed include: weekly interval sprays; Sulphur at 2 weeks after transplanting...
In the four-year experiment the impact of four different barley varieties and selected two- and three-component mixtures were tested. The studies were carried out at two sites: Experimental Station for Variety Testing Słupia Wlk. (Wielkopolska region) and Plant Breeding Station Bąków (Opole District) during four growing seasons (2001/2002-2004/2005). The aim of the studies was to evaluate the yield...
Characterisation of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch, Acari: Tetranychidae) response to aqueous extracts from selected plant species. Aqueous extracts from four plant species of known insecticidal activity on arthropods were tested against two-spotted spider mite females to describe their mode of action on the spider mite. The extracts effects on: (a) the mite establishment on host...
Field surveys were undertaken in 1997-1999 across five ecological zones in Nigeria to collect isolates of Maize streak virus (MSV), genus Mastrevirus. Apart from maize (Zea mays L.), 15 other grass species were found with MSV symptoms in Nigeria. These hosts showed two types of symptoms viz: mild (with or without mottle) or severe (typical symptoms in maize). When Cicadulina storeyi China was used...
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of leaf wetness period and air temperature on development of disease symptoms caused by Puccinia recondita on winter wheat. The experiments were carried out in growth chamber at the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznan. Seedlings of a susceptible winter wheat cultivar Mikon, were artificially inoculated with urediniospores of P. recondita and...
The investigations were carried out in 1996-2005 on the fields of Agricultural Experimental Station Department of SGGW Chylice in Mazowieckie voivodeship. The occurrence of diseases was assessed in 1996-2000 on winter wheat cv. Kobra, and in 2001-2005 on cv. Mikon. Weather conditions in ten-year experimental period were differentiated and had a distinct influence on plant infection by pathogens, as...
Highly active antagonistic actinomycète Streptomyces griseoviridis and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were applied to the soil separately and together (in association) in the laboratory experiments. We assessed survival rate, insecticidal and fungistatic activity of these strains. We also tested the influence of synthetic insecticide Regent 25® (fipronil 25g/l) on investigated parameters...
Mycoherbicides are special biotechnology products which contain fungi or fungal metabolites as nonchemical alternatives thereby reducing the input of harmful chemicals to control noxious weeds. The present communication emphasizes on the potential of an indigenous isolate of Alternaría alternata ITCC 4896 as a mycoherbicide for the global weed - Parthenium hysterophorus. Of the various spore concentrations...
Phytophthora citricola constituted about 70% of all Phytophthora isolates recovered from rhododendron leaves used as baits for detection of that group of organisms in water. The species was found in 4 rivers, 2 hardy nursery water reservoirs and nursery drainage canal from May to October, 2006. Analysis of spots'number on rhododendron leaf baits as a measure of P. citricola density showed that place...
Four tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties commonly grown by tomato farmers in Tanzania were evaluated for resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria) diseases, along with five introductions under screenhouse and field conditions. The four tomato varieties were Cal J, Moneymaker, Tanya and Roma VF. Seeds of the tomato varieties...
Stem base health of spring barley cultivated under organic, integrated and conventional systems and fungal communities were studied. A worst plant health status was observed in the organic system. The macroscopic and subsequent mycological analyses revealed the occurrence of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. The incidence of B. sorokiniana on stem bases was clearly dependent on a farming system,...
In view of the ecological hazards of chemicals, pot experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma sp. against Macrophomina phaseolina. Greenhouse evolution of the interaction between M. phaseolina isolates and Trichoderma sp. (isolated revealed a very highly significant (p=0.0000). M. phaseolina isolate x antagonist isolate interaction for all the following parameters: preemergence...
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